Effect of oesophagectomy on lipid profiles in patients with oesophageal cancer combined with hyperlipidaemia: a retrospective study.

BACKGROUND: Surgery is widely regarded as a pivotal therapeutic approach for treating oesophageal cancer, and clinical observations have revealed that many oesophageal cancer patients also present with concomitant hyperlipidaemia. It is surprising that few studies have been performed to determine how blood lipid levels are affected by oesophageal cancer resection. This research was designed to assess the influence of oesophageal cancer resection on lipid profiles among individuals diagnosed with both oesophageal cancer and hyperlipidaemia. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was carried out on 110 patients with hyperlipidaemia and oesophageal cancer who had undergone oesophagectomy at the 900th Hospital of the Joint Logistics Support Force of the Chinese People's Liberation Army. Preoperative and postoperative serological data were collected at seven-, thirty-, sixty-day-, and one-year-long intervals. Changes in lipid levels were compared, the remission of various types of hyperlipidaemia was statistically assessed, and Pearson correlation was used to analyse the association between lipid changes and preoperative body weight. The research sought to assess the reduction in body weight and the proportion of body weight lost one year following surgery. RESULTS: Noteworthy decreases were observed in total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels, with TC decreasing from 6.20 mmol/L to 5.20 mmol/L, TG decreasing from 1.40 mmol/L to 1.20 mmol/L, and LDL decreasing from 4.50 mmol/L to 3.30 mmol/L. Conversely, there was a notable increase in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels, which increased from 1.20 mmol/L to 1.40 mmol/L (P < 0.05) compared to the preoperative levels. Notably, the remission rates for mixed hyperlipidaemia (60.9%) and high cholesterol (60.0%) were considerably greater than those for high triglycerides (16.2%). Alterations in TC at one year postoperatively correlated with preoperative weight and weight loss (r = 0.315, -0.216); changes in TG correlated with preoperative weight, percentage of total weight loss (TWL%), and weight reduction (r = -0.295, -0.246, 0.320); and changes in LDL correlated with preoperative weight, TWL%, and weight loss (r = 0.251, 0.186, and -0.207). Changes in non-high-density lipoprotein(non-HDL) were linked to preoperative weight (r = 0.300), and changes in TG/HDL were correlated with preoperative weight and TWL% (r = -0.424, -0.251). CONCLUSIONS: Oesophagectomy significantly improved lipid profiles in oesophageal cancer patients, potentially leading to a reduction in overall cardiovascular risk.

Impacts of pro-inflammatory cytokines variant on cardiometabolic profile and premature coronary artery disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Interleukin-6 (IL-6), a pivotal pro-inflammatory cytokine, is closely linked to vascular wall thickening and atherosclerotic lesion. Since serum IL-6 levels are largely determined by the genetic variant in IL-6, this study was conducted to investigate whether the IL-6 variant impacts cardiometabolic profile and the risk of premature coronary artery disease (PCAD). PubMed, Cochrane Library, Central, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched from May 13, 2022 to June 28, 2023. In total, 40 studies (26,543 individuals) were included for the analysis. The rs1800795 (a function variant in the IL-6 gene) C allele was linked to higher levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), total cholesterol (TC), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference (WC), and a lower levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). However, no significant association was observed of rs1800795 with triglycerides (TG), systolic blood pressure (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP). Interestingly, a significant association was detected between rs1800795 and PCAD. Subgroup analyses indicted that the impacts of rs1800795 on cardiometabolic risk factors were significant in Caucasians but stronger in obese patients. In contrast, the impact of rs1800795 on PCAD was significant in brown race population. In summary, rs1800795 had a slight but significant impact on cardiometabolic risk factors and PCAD. IL-6 inhibition with ziltivekimab or canakinumab may benefit high-risk populations (e.g. brown race population, Caucasians, obese patients, etc.) with rs1800795 to prevent PCAD.

Association between dental scaling and metabolic syndrome and lifestyle.

PURPOSE: Periodontal disease is a risk factor for diabetes and metabolic syndrome, and non-surgical periodontal treatment has been shown to help maintain stable blood sugar in diabetic patients. Determining the level of preventive scaling in patients with metabolic syndrome will help manage the disease. The purpose of this study was to investigate the extent to which people with metabolic syndrome or bad lifestyle performed scaling and the association between preventive scaling and metabolic syndrome or lifestyle in a large population. METHODS: This study was conducted on adults aged 20 years or older from January 2014 to December 2017 in the National Health Insurance System (NHIS) database. Among 558,067 people who underwent health checkups, 555,929 people were included. A total of 543,791 people were investigated for preventive scaling. Metabolic syndrome components were abdominal obesity, lower high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL)-C, high triglycerides, high blood pressure and hyperglycemia. Unhealthy lifestyle score was calculated by assigning 1 point each for current smokers, drinkers, and no performing regular exercise. RESULTS: When multiple logistic regression analysis was performed after adjusting for age, sex, income, body mass index (BMI), smoking, drinking and regular exercise, the Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of the group with 5 metabolic syndrome components were 0.741 (0.710, 0.773) (p<0.0001). After adjustment for age, sex, income, BMI, smoking, drinking, regular exercise, diabetes, hypertension and dyslipidemia, the OR (95% CI) of the group with unhealthy lifestyle score = 3 was 0.612 (0.586, 0.640) (p<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: The more metabolic syndrome components, and the higher unhealthy lifestyle score, the less scaling was performed.

A population-based cohort study of longitudinal change of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol impact on gastrointestinal cancer risk.

High-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (HDL-C) levels have been associated with cancer. In this observational population-based cohort study using data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service system, we investigate the impact of longitudinal changes in HDL-C levels on gastrointestinal cancer risk. Individuals who underwent health examinations in 2010 and 2014 were followed-up through 2021. Among 3.131 million, 40696 gastric, 35707 colorectal, 21309 liver, 11532 pancreatic, 4225 gallbladder, and 7051 biliary cancers are newly detected. The persistent low HDL-C group increases the risk of gastric, liver, and biliary cancer comparing to persistent normal HDL-C group. HDL-C change from normal to low level increases the risk for gastric, colorectal, liver, pancreatic, gallbladder, and biliary cancers. Effects of HDL-C change on the gastrointestinal cancer risk are also modified by sex and smoking status. HDL-C changes affect the gastric and gallbladder cancer risk in age ≥60 years and the pancreatic and biliary cancer risk in age <60 years. Here, we show persistently low HDL-C and normal-to-low HDL-C change increase gastrointestinal cancer risk with discrepancies by sex, smoking status, and age.

Biomarkers of lipid metabolism in gastric cancer: a case control study.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to explore the correlation between biomarkers of lipid metabolism and gastric cancer. METHODS: 1120 gastric cancer patients and 1134 health examiners enrolled in this study. The clinic data and serum lipid level, including Total cholesterol (TC), Triglyceride (TG), Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), were collected. RESULTS: Serum TG and LDL-C levels in patients with gastric cancer were higher than those in the control group. HDL-C levels were lower than the control group (P < 0.05). HDL-C and LDL-C were significantly correlated with the risk of gastric cancer. Concentrating on clinicopathological features, increased TG was more frequently in male patients with distal gastric cancer, N0 stage and early TNM stage. Increased TC was more frequently in early T, N and TNM stage. Decreased HDL-C was more common in distal location and low-undifferentiated gastric cancer. LDL-C elevation was more common in distal gastric cancer and early T stage. CONCLUSIONS: The serum lipid level of gastric cancer patients was higher than healthy controls. HDL-C and LDL-C abnormal correlated with gastric cancer risk. However, as the progresses of gastric cancer, poor patient intake, increased tumor consumption, and continuous declining in nutritional status, the levels of TC and TG gradually decreased in advanced gastric cancer.

Longitudinal study of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on diet and physical activity among Latinos of Mexican ancestry.

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic caused societal disruption in the United States and most of the world, affecting many aspects of life, including healthcare and health-related behaviors such as diet, food security, and physical activity. Communities with economic and health disparities may have been particularly affected. This study was undertaken to determine how conditions in the early pandemic (January, 2021-February, 2022) affected Latino patients of Mexican Ancestry at high risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus who participated in El Banco por Salud biobank project in Tucson, Arizona. METHODS: Baseline, prepandemic measurements were available in 17, 21, and 60 patients with normal hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), prediabetes, and type 2 diabetes, respectively. RESULTS: People with healthy HbA1c were significantly younger, less obese, and had higher HDL cholesterol. HbA1c was unaffected by the pandemic in any group. Triglycerides, total and HDL cholesterol levels fell in all groups during the pandemic. Physical activity levels in all groups were remarkably low, with most reporting no engagement in any voluntary physical activity. Engagement in physical activity or its enjoyment was lower in patients with diabetes and prediabetes than in younger, less obese patients. Major diet differences were between men and women and were present before the pandemic. Women consumed significantly more vegetables, fruit, and salad than men. The only pandemic-related change in diet was a drop in egg consumption, possibly explaining the fall in total cholesterol. CONCLUSION: Societal disruption during the COVID-19 pandemic had minimal effects on adverse health-related behaviors, cardiometabolic risk, or changes in glycemic control in a Latino community with diabetes and healthcare disparities in the Southwest US.

Associations of ECG Signs of Ischemic and Non-Specific Signs of Metabolic Changes in the Myocardium With Unfavorable Cardiovascular Prognosis in a 7-Year Prospective Follow-Up of Young People Under 45 Years.

AIM: To study ischemic and/or nonspecific ECG signs of metabolic changes in the myocardium and to determine their relationship with unfavorable cardiovascular prognosis in a 7-year prospective observation of young people under 45 years of age. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A cross-sectional population survey of a random sample aged 25-44 years (n=1363) was conducted in Novosibirsk. The survey program used the standardized epidemiological Rose questionnaire. Biochemical tests were used to measure blood concentrations of total cholesterol (C), triglycerides (TG), low- and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C, HDL-C), and fasting blood plasma glucose. Systolic and diastolic BP (SBP, DBP), the presence of arterial hypertension (AH), body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and smoking status were assessed. ECG was recorded at rest in 12 standard leads followed by interpretation according to the Minnesota Code. The presence of ischemic and/or nonspecific ECG signs of metabolic changes in the myocardium was determined. Subjects with ECG signs of ischemic changes in the myocardium were selected for long-term follow-up and additional examination by cardiologists. Then the whole cohort was monitored for 7 years, and cardiovascular events were recorded, including using data from the WHO Myocardial Infarction Registry in Novosibirsk. For statistical analysis of the results, cardiovascular events were combined into a composite endpoint. RESULTS: During 7 years, 40 people (27 men and 13 women) had an unfavorable cardiovascular prognosis. Multivariate regression analysis showed that a 7-year unfavorable cardiovascular prognosis in people younger than 45 years was associated with signs of ischemic myocardial alterations identified on the background ECG (OR 5.319, 95% CI: 1.543-18.342, p=0.008) and nonspecific ECG signs of metabolic changes in the myocardium (OR 2.978, 95% CI: 1.216-7.216, p=0.017) regardless of age, gender, the presence of arterial hypertension (AH) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2). CONCLUSION: In young people under 45 years of age, not only ECG signs of ischemic changes in the myocardium, but also nonspecific ECG signs of metabolic changes in the myocardium are associated with an unfavorable cardiovascular prognosis, directly and independently on age and gender, in a long-term, 7-year period.

Sex-based association between high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and adverse outcomes after coronary artery bypass grafting.

BACKGROUND: High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) is shown to be an independent protective factor against coronary artery diseases (CAD). Yet there are limited studies focusing on the association between HDL-C and coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery outcomes. HYPOTHESIS: Low levels of HDL-C are associated with higher incidence of adverse outcomes in patients undergoing CABG. METHODS: This registry-based study included 17,772 patients who underwent elective isolated CABG between 2007 and 2017. Patients were classified into low and desirable HDL-C groups based on their serum HDL-C levels at admission and were followed for one-year post-surgery. The study population included 13,321 patients with low HDL-C and 4,451 with desirable HDL-C. proportional hazard Cox models were performed to evaluate the association between HDL-C levels and incidence of mortality as well as major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCE), while adjusting for potential confounders. Moreover, participants were stratified based on sex and the association was also investigated in each subgroup separately. RESULTS: No significant difference was found between the groups regarding incidence of both mortality and MACCE, after adjusting with Inverse Probability Weighting (IPW) [HR (95%CI): 0.84 (0.46-1.53), p-value:0.575 and HR (95% CI): 0.91 (0.56-1.50), p-value:0.733, respectively]. According to the sex-based subgroup analysis, no significant association was observed after adjustment with IPW analysis. However, as we examined the association between the interaction of HDL-C levels, sex and cardiovascular outcomes, we found a significant association (HR;1.19 (95%CI: 1.04-1.45); p = 0.030). CONCLUSION: HDL-C level was not associated with either mortality or MACCE during one year after CABG procedure. Sex-based analysis showed that in males, HDL-C is significantly more protective against these outcomes, compared to females. Further studies are necessary to elucidate the exact mechanisms mediating such association.

The high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C)-concentration-dependent association between anti-inflammatory capacity and sepsis: A single-center cross-sectional study.

INTRODUCTION: Known to have pleiotropic functions, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) helps to regulate systemic inflammation during sepsis. As preserving HDL-C level is a promising therapeutic strategy for sepsis, the interaction between HDL and sepsis worth further investigation. This study aimed to determine the impact of sepsis on HDL's anti-inflammatory capacity and explore its correlations with disease severity and laboratory parameters. METHODS AND MATERIALS: We enrolled 80 septic subjects admitted to the intensive care unit and 50 controls admitted for scheduled coronary angiography in this cross-sectional study. We used apolipoprotein-B depleted (apoB-depleted) plasma to measure the anti-inflammatory capacity of HDL-C. ApoB-depleted plasma's anti-inflammatory capacity is defined as its ability to suppress tumor necrosis factor-α-induced vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) expression in human umbilical-vein endothelial cells. A subgroup analysis was conducted to investigate in septic subjects according to disease severity. RESULTS: ApoB-depleted plasma's anti-inflammatory capacity was reduced in septic subjects relative to controls (VCAM-1 mRNA fold change: 50.1% vs. 35.5%; p < 0.0001). The impairment was more pronounced in septic subjects with than in those without septic shock (55.8% vs. 45.3%, p = 0.0022). Both associations were rendered non-significant with the adjustment for the HDL-C level. In sepsis patients, VCAM-1 mRNA fold change correlated with the SOFA score (Spearman's r = 0.231, p = 0.039), lactate level (r = 0.297, p = 0.0074), HDL-C level (r = -0.370, p = 0.0007), and inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein level: r = 0.441, p <0.0001; white blood cell: r = 0.353, p = 0.0013). CONCLUSION: ApoB-depleted plasma's anti-inflammatory capacity is reduced in sepsis patients and this association depends of HDL-C concentration. In sepsis patients, this capacity correlates with disease severity and inflammatory markers. These findings explain the prognostic role of the HDL-C level in sepsis and indirectly support the rationale for targeting HDL-C as sepsis treatment.

Factor modification in the association between high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and liver cancer risk in a nationwide cohort.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The effect modification by smoking and menopausal status in the association between high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and liver cancer risk has not been reported. METHODS: This population-based cohort study included 4.486 million cancer-free individuals among those who underwent national cancer screening in 2010 and were followed up until December 2017. We conducted analyses in populations that excluded people with chronic hepatitis B, chronic hepatitis C and liver cirrhosis (Model I) and that included those diseases (Model III). HDL-C level was classified into eight groups at 10-mg/dL intervals. Liver cancer risk by HDL-C was measured using adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS: During follow-up, 18 795 liver cancers in Model I and 20 610 liver cancers in Model III developed. In Model I, low HDL-C levels (aHR 1.83; 95% CI 1.65-2.04) and extremely high HDL-C levels (aHR 1.24; 95% CI 1.10-1.40) were associated with an increased liver cancer risk compared with a moderate HDL-C level of 50-59mg/dL. This association was similar in both men and women with larger effect size in men (aHR, 1.91; 95% CI, 1.70-2.15). The hazardous association between low HDL-C and liver cancer risk was remarkable in current smokers (aHR, 2.19; 95% CI, 1.84-2.60) and in pre-menopausal women (aHR, 2.91; 95% CI, 1.29-6.58) compared with post-menopausal women (aHR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.10-1.93). This association was similarly observed in Model III. CONCLUSIONS: Low and extremely high HDL-C levels were associated with an increased liver cancer risk. The unfavourable association between low HDL-C and liver cancer was remarkable in smokers and pre-menopausal women.

Asociación entre los marcadores lipídicos en la infancia/ adolescencia y los eventos cardiovasculares en la adultez: una revisión sistemática / Association between lipid markers in childhood/ adolescence and cardiovascular events in adulthood: A systematic review

Introducción. La asociación entre los marcadores lipídicos en la infancia/adolescencia y la incidencia de eventos clínicos cardiovasculares en la adultez está poco explorada en la literatura. El objetivo de esta revisión sistemática fue analizar la evidencia disponible sobre este tema. Población y métodos. Esta revisión sistemática se realizó de acuerdo con las guías PRISMA. Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica para detectar los estudios que evaluaron la asociación entre los niveles lipídicos en la edad pediátrica y la incidencia de eventos cardiovasculares en la edad adulta. No hubo restricciones idiomáticas ni geográficas en la búsqueda. Resultados. En total, cinco estudios observacionales (todas cohortes prospectivas) que incluyeron 43 540 pacientes fueron identificados y considerados elegibles para este estudio. Cuatro estudios evaluaron el nivel de triglicéridos; todos reportaron una asociación significativa entre este marcador en la edad pediátrica y los eventos cardiovasculares en la adultez. Un estudio reportó la misma asociación con el nivel de colesterol total, mientras que otro evidenció el valor predictivo de la lipoproteína (a) para el mismo desenlace clínico. Un solo estudio evaluó el colesterol asociado a lipoproteínas de alta densidad (C-HDL), sin encontrar una relación con el punto final de interés. El análisis del colesterol asociado a lipoproteínas de baja densidad (C-LDL) arrojó resultados contradictorios, aunque la asociación fue significativa en los estudios con un tamaño muestral más grande y con un mayor número de eventos durante el seguimiento. Conclusión. Los datos de esta revisión sugieren que las alteraciones de los marcadores lipídicos en la infancia y la adolescencia se asocian con un mayor riesgo cardiovascular en la adultez temprana y media.

Introduction. The association between lipid markers in childhood/adolescence and the incidence of clinical cardiovascular events in adulthood has been little explored in the bibliography. The objective of this systematic review was to analyze available evidence on this topic. Population and methods. This systematic review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. A comprehensive bibliographic search was done to find studies assessing the association between lipid levels in childhood and the incidence of cardiovascular events in adulthood. There were no language or geographic restrictions. Results. A total of 5 observational studies (all prospective cohorts) including 43 540 patients were identified and considered eligible for this study. Four studies assessed triglyceride levels; all reported a significant association between this lipid marker in childhood and cardiovascular events in adulthood. A study reported the same association with total cholesterol level, while another showed the predictive value of lipoprotein (a) for the same clinical outcome. Only one study assessed high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), but it did not find an association with the endpoint of interest. The analysis of lowdensity lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) showed contradictory results, although the association was significant in the studies with a larger sample size and a higher number of events during follow-up. Conclusion. According to this review, alterations in lipid markers in childhood and adolescence are associated with a higher cardiovascular risk in early and middle adulthood.

[Screening value and correlation of body measurement indices for metabolic syndrome in the population undergoing physical examinations in Chengdu during 2018-2020].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the screening value and correlation of body measurement indicators for metabolic syndrome(MS) and to provide evidence for MS screening. METHODS: Through a cross-sectional research approach, data from individuals aged 18 and above who participated in health examinations at the North Health Management Center of Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital from 2018 to 2020 were reviewed. Data including height, weight, waist circumference, hip circumference, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, smoking history, and alcohol consumption history were collected. Subsequently, a body shape index(ABSI), body roundness index(BRI), body adiposity index(BAI), abdominal volume index(AVI), relative fat mass index(RFM), and body mass index(BMI) were computed. The individuals were then divided into MS and non-MS groups. The value of body measurement indices in screening for MS in the population aged 18 and above was assessed using ROC curves. Regression analysis was employed to explore the correlation between body measurement indices and MS. RESULTS: A total of 73 411 valid health examination data were obtained, including 44 426 males and 28 985 females. The MS group comprised 9181 males(21%) and 1668 females(6%). In the comparison between the MS and non-MS groups, there were statistically significant differences in ABSI((0.08±0.00) vs. (0.08±0.00)), BRI((4.95±0.67) vs. (4.17±0.68)), BAI((28.08±3.52) vs. (26.39±3.39)), AVI((17.51±2.77) vs. (12.85±2.91)), BMI((27.15±2.99) vs. (23.00±3.04)) and RFM((29.77±5.35) vs. (27.13±6.39))(P<0.05). Univariate Logistic regression analysis showed that ABSI(OR=2.303, 95%CI 1.190-4.457), BRI(OR=4.596, 95%CI 4.446-4.752), BAI(OR=1.144, 95%CI 1.137-1.151), AVI(OR=1.668, 95%CI 1.652-1.684), RFM(OR=1.067, 95%CI 1.064-1.071) and BMI(OR=1.516, 95%CI 1.503-1.528) were associated with MS(P<0.05). Multifactorial Logistic regression analysis corrected for sex, age, smoking and alcohol consumption showed that ABSI(OR=1.767, 95% CI 4.237-7.371), BRI(OR=5.441, 95% CI 5.228-5.663), BAI(OR=1.269, 95% CI 1.260-1.279), AVI(OR=1.648, 95% CI 1.631-1.665), RFM(OR=1.504, 95% CI 1.491-1.517) and BMI(OR=1.508, 95% CI 1.495-1.522) were associated with MS(P<0.05). The ROC curve analysis showed that in adults, the AVI had the highest screening value for MS in males(AUC=0.855, optimal cutoff value=16.18), followed by RFM(AUC=0.844, optimal cutoff value=25.71), BMI(AUC=0.811, optimal cutoff value=25.21), BRI(AUC=0.793, optimal cutoff value=4.39), BAI(AUC=0.709, optimal cutoff value=25.88), and ABSI(AUC=0.671, optimal cutoff value=0.08). In adult females, the RFM had the highest screening value for MS(AUC=0.918, optimal cutoff value=37.01), followed by AVI(AUC=0.911, optimal cutoff value=13.43), BRI(AUC=0.901, optimal cutoff value=4.71), BMI(AUC=0.860, optimal cutoff value=23.94), ABSI(AUC=0.804, optimal cutoff value=0.08), and BAI(AUC=0.797, optimal cutoff value=29.92). CONCLUSION: ABSI, BRI, BAI, AVI, BMI and RFM are all capable of screening for MS. Among males, AVI has the highest screening value for MS, followed by RFM, BMI, BRI, BAI and ABSI. Among females, RFM has the highest screening value for MS, followed by AVI, BRI, BMI, ABSI and BAI. ABSI, BRI, BAI, AVI, RFM and BMI are positively correlated with MS.

Metabolic disparities between obese and non-obese patients with polycystic ovary syndrome: implications for endometrial receptivity indicators.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the differences in the metabolic indicators and sex hormones between obese and non-obese patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and their impacts on endometrial receptivity (ER). METHODS: We selected 255 individuals with PCOS, and categorized them into the obese groups, including the OP group (obese patients with PCOS) and the ON group (obese patients without PCOS), and selected 64 individuals who were categorized in the non-obese groups, namely, the control groups, which comprise the NP group (non-obese patients with PCOS) and the NN group(non-obese patients without PCOS). The one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Mann-Whitney U tests were used to compare the metabolic indicators, and sex hormone-associated and ER-associated indicators between the groups. The correlation between the aforementioned clinical markers and ER was analyzed using the Pearson's correlation coefficient. RESULTS: (1) In comparison with the NP group, the OP group exhibited higher levels (p < .01) of free androgen index (FAI), anti-müllerian hormone (AMH), fasting insulin (FINS), insulin level within 60 min, 120 min, and 180 min-60minINS, 120minINS, and 180minINS, respectively, fasting blood glucose (FBG), blood glucose level within two hours (2hGlu), homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), waist circumference, hip circumference, the ratio of the maximum blood flow velocity of the uterine artery during systole to the blood flow velocity of the uterine artery at the end of diastole (uterine artery S/D), and blood flow resistance index (RI) of the uterine artery. In comparison with the NP group, the OP group exhibited lower levels (p < .01) of sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), high molecular weight adiponectin (HMWA), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). (2) In the PCOS group, RI was significantly positively correlated with FAI, FINS, 120minINS, HOMA-IR, and WHR (p < .01), and significantly negatively correlated with SHBG, HDL-C, and HMWA (p < .01); uterine artery S/D was significantly positively correlated with FAI, FINS, 2hGlu, HOMA-IR, LDL-C, and WHR (p < .01), significantly positively correlated with 120minINS and FBG (p < .05), and significantly negatively correlated with SHBG and HMWA (p < .01). CONCLUSION: (1) The OP group exhibited obvious metabolic disorders and poor ER, which was manifested as low levels of SHBG and HMWA, and high levels of FAI, HOMA-IR, WHR, uterine artery S/D, and RI. (2) In patients with PCOS, there was a substantial correlation between ER-associated indicators RI and uterine artery S/D and FAI, FINS, 120minINS, HOMA-IR, WHR, SHBG, and HMWA.

Lipid parameters and depression in patients with chronic tinnitus: A cross-sectional observation.

BACKGROUND: Pathophysiological theories assume importance of metabolic abnormalities in patients with major depression - and possibly chronic tinnitus. Although chronic tinnitus frequently correlates with depression, links between high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and depression are uninvestigated. METHODS: Two-hundred patients with chronic tinnitus (Mage = 55; 51% female) were examined. Serum levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TGs), HDL, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), non-HDL, as well as LDL/HDL and TC/HDL ratios were analysed. Questionnaires included depression subscales of the ICD-10 Symptom Rating, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS_D), and the Berlin Mood Questionnaire (BSF). Multivariate analyses of covariance and linear regression models - which controlled age, tinnitus-related distress and perceived stress - investigated between-subgroup differences (p < 0.05) and linear associations between HDL indices and depression (p < 0.01). RESULTS: HDL levels did not differ for tinnitus-symptom durations, smoking and alcohol use levels, statin or antihypertensive drug use, and body-mass indices. Relative to non-to-mildly depressed patients with chronic tinnitus, patients with moderate-to-severe depression (n = 45; 23%) had significantly lower HDL levels (d = -0.35) and higher LDL/HDL (d = 0.39) and TC/HDL ratios (d = 0.40). Across participants, HDL-levels were negatively associated with depression as measured by the HADS_D and BSF_indifference scales. CONCLUSIONS: In keeping with general depression research, low serum HDL levels correlate with depressive symptomatology in patients with chronic tinnitus. This association may be influenced by proximal (e.g. modulations of HPA-axis activity) or distal factors (e.g. maladaptive coping behaviours) - both of which should be conceptualized within psychological stimulus-processing frameworks.

The Effects of Cranberry Consumption on Glycemic and Lipid Profiles in Humans: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

This study aims to update the evidence and clarify whether cranberry possesses lipid-lowering and hypoglycemic properties in humans. PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched to identify relevant articles published up to December 2023. In total, 3145 publications were reviewed and 16 of them were included for qualitative synthesis and meta-analysis. Stata 15.0 and Review Manager 5.4 were applied for statistical analyses. The results revealed a significant decrease in the total cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (TC/HDL-C) (MD = -0.24; 95% CI: -0.45, -0.04; peffect = 0.02) and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (MD = -0.59; 95% CI: -1.05, -0.14; peffect = 0.01) with cranberry consumption. However, it did not influence total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglyceride (TG), fasting blood glucose (FBG), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and fasting insulin. In subgroup analysis, cranberry consumption in dried form (capsules, powder, and tablets) was found to significantly decrease the fasting insulin level (three studies, one hundred sixty-five participants, MD = -2.16; 95% CI: -4.24, -0.07; peffect = 0.04), while intervention duration, health conditions, and dosage of polyphenols and anthocyanins had no impact on blood lipid and glycemic parameters. In summary, cranberry might have potential benefits in regulating lipid and glucose profiles.

Associations of Dietary Intake with Cardiovascular Risk in Long-Term "Plant-Based Eaters": A Secondary Analysis of a Cross-Sectional Study.

A plant-based diet rich in whole foods and fiber is beneficial for cardiovascular (CV) health. This impact is often linked to specific food groups and their preparation methods, reflecting the overall dietary pattern. However, research on the long-term effects of a carefully designed plant-based diet on adults transitioning from a typical Western lifestyle is limited. Notably, studies on people managing CV risk factors effectively are scarce. As part of a cross-sectional study, we examined 151 individuals committed to a long-term, well-designed plant-based diet and active lifestyle. We investigated how specific food groups and macronutrient intake are related to various CV health markers. In this secondary analysis, our comprehensive approach encompassed several methods: 3-day weighted dietary records, fasting blood lipid and blood pressure measurements, body composition assessments, and evaluations of lifestyle status. We adjusted our analysis for multiple variables, such as age, sex, current body mass index, smoking status, physical activity, and time (years) following the plant-based diet. Our findings revealed several associations between macronutrient intake (per 50 g) and CV risk markers, although these associations were generally weak. Individuals who consumed more whole grains and fruits had lower levels of total, low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C) cholesterol. We also found associations between the intake of legumes and nuts/seeds and reduced HDL-C levels. These findings suggested that these food groups might influence the lipid profile, contributing to CV health in a plant-based diet. A greater intake of spices/herbs was associated with lower uric acid levels, while diets rich in plant-based fast food and pasta (made from white flour) were associated with higher uric acid levels. A greater intake of various macronutrients, such as fiber, carbohydrates (from whole-food sources), proteins, and different types of fats (saturated fatty acids [SFAs], monounsaturated fatty acids [MUFAs], and polyunsaturated fatty acids [PUFAs]), was associated with lower levels of total cholesterol, LDL-C (only for carbohydrates), and HDL-C. We found a unique negative correlation between PUFA intake and LDL-C, suggesting that PUFAs might significantly affect LDL-C levels. In contrast, increased fiber, protein and SFA consumption were associated with increased uric acid levels. These findings support the impact of dietary patterns on CV risk factors, highlighting that even small amounts of unhealthy food groups can significantly influence specific CV risk markers, regardless of the overall diet.

Lipidome characterisation and sex-specific differences in type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus.

BACKGROUND: In this study, we evaluated the lipidome alterations caused by type 1 diabetes (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D), by determining lipids significantly associated with diabetes overall and in both sexes, and lipids associated with the glycaemic state. METHODS: An untargeted lipidomic analysis was performed to measure the lipid profiles of 360 subjects (91 T1D, 91 T2D, 74 with prediabetes and 104 controls (CT)) without cardiovascular and/or chronic kidney disease. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (UHPLC-ESI-MS) was conducted in two ion modes (positive and negative). We used multiple linear regression models to (1) assess the association between each lipid feature and each condition, (2) determine sex-specific differences related to diabetes, and (3) identify lipids associated with the glycaemic state by considering the prediabetes stage. The models were adjusted by sex, age, hypertension, dyslipidaemia, body mass index, glucose, smoking, systolic blood pressure, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, alternate Mediterranean diet score (aMED) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR); diabetes duration and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) were also included in the comparison between T1D and T2D. RESULTS: A total of 54 unique lipid subspecies from 15 unique lipid classes were annotated. Lysophosphatidylcholines (LPC) and ceramides (Cer) showed opposite effects in subjects with T1D and subjects with T2D, LPCs being mainly up-regulated in T1D and down-regulated in T2D, and Cer being up-regulated in T2D and down-regulated in T1D. Also, Phosphatidylcholines were clearly down-regulated in subjects with T1D. Regarding sex-specific differences, ceramides and phosphatidylcholines exhibited important diabetes-associated differences due to sex. Concerning the glycaemic state, we found a gradual increase of a panel of 1-deoxyceramides from normoglycemia to prediabetes to T2D. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings revealed an extensive disruption of lipid metabolism in both T1D and T2D. Additionally, we found sex-specific lipidome changes associated with diabetes, and lipids associated with the glycaemic state that can be linked to previously described molecular mechanisms in diabetes.

Long-Term Body Mass Index Variability and Adverse Cardiovascular Outcomes.

Importance: Body mass index (BMI; calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared) is a commonly used estimate of obesity, which is a complex trait affected by genetic and lifestyle factors. Marked weight gain and loss could be associated with adverse biological processes. Objective: To evaluate the association between BMI variability and incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) events in 2 distinct cohorts. Design, Setting, and Participants: This cohort study used data from the Million Veteran Program (MVP) between 2011 and 2018 and participants in the UK Biobank (UKB) enrolled between 2006 and 2010. Participants were followed up for a median of 3.8 (5th-95th percentile, 3.5) years. Participants with baseline CVD or cancer were excluded. Data were analyzed from September 2022 and September 2023. Exposure: BMI variability was calculated by the retrospective SD and coefficient of variation (CV) using multiple clinical BMI measurements up to the baseline. Main Outcomes and Measures: The main outcome was incident composite CVD events (incident nonfatal myocardial infarction, acute ischemic stroke, and cardiovascular death), assessed using Cox proportional hazards modeling after adjustment for CVD risk factors, including age, sex, mean BMI, systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, smoking status, diabetes status, and statin use. Secondary analysis assessed whether associations were dependent on the polygenic score of BMI. Results: Among 92 363 US veterans in the MVP cohort (81 675 [88%] male; mean [SD] age, 56.7 [14.1] years), there were 9695 Hispanic participants, 22 488 non-Hispanic Black participants, and 60 180 non-Hispanic White participants. A total of 4811 composite CVD events were observed from 2011 to 2018. The CV of BMI was associated with 16% higher risk for composite CVD across all groups (hazard ratio [HR], 1.16; 95% CI, 1.13-1.19). These associations were unchanged among subgroups and after adjustment for the polygenic score of BMI. The UKB cohort included 65 047 individuals (mean [SD] age, 57.30 (7.77) years; 38 065 [59%] female) and had 6934 composite CVD events. Each 1-SD increase in BMI variability in the UKB cohort was associated with 8% increased risk of cardiovascular death (HR, 1.08; 95% CI, 1.04-1.11). Conclusions and Relevance: This cohort study found that among US veterans, higher BMI variability was a significant risk marker associated with adverse cardiovascular events independent of mean BMI across major racial and ethnic groups. Results were consistent in the UKB for the cardiovascular death end point. Further studies should investigate the phenotype of high BMI variability.

Effects of moderate ethanol exposure on risk factors for cardiovascular disease and colorectal cancer in adult Wistar rats.

While past studies have provided evidence linking excessive alcohol consumption to increased risk for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and colorectal cancer (CRC), existing data on the effects of moderate alcohol use on these conditions have produced mixed results. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of moderate alcohol consumption on risk factors associated with the development of CVDs and CRC in adult rats. Twenty-four, 14-month-old, non-deprived male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to either an ethanol group, which consisted of voluntary access to a 20% (v/v) ethanol solution on alternate days, or a water control group (n = 12/group) for 13 weeks. Blood samples were collected to analyze levels of albumin, glucose, adiponectin, lipids, oxidized low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), apolipoprotein A1 (apoA1), C-reactive protein (CRP), high-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB-1), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), thyroxine, thyroid-stimulating hormone, 8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxo-dG), liver function enzymes, and antioxidant capacity. Colonic gene expression related to colon carcinogenesis was also assessed. Ethanol-treated rats were found to have significantly higher HDL-C and apoA1 levels compared to controls. Moderate alcohol consumption led to significantly lower CRP levels and a trend for decrease in HMGB-1, TNF-α, and 8-oxo-dG levels. In the ethanol-exposed group, colonic gene expression of superoxide dismutase was upregulated while aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 showed a trend for increase compared to the control group. These results indicate that adopting a moderate approach to alcohol consumption could potentially improve health biomarkers related to CVD and CRC by increasing HDL-C levels and antioxidant activity and reducing DNA damage and inflammatory activity.

Taking appreciation to heart: appreciation at work and cardiovascular risk in male employees.

Introduction: While perceived appreciation at work has been associated with self-reported health and wellbeing, studies considering biological health markers are lacking. In this study, we investigated whether appreciation at work would relate to coronary heart disease (CHD) risk as well as the specificity of this proposed association. Methods: Our study comprised a total of 103 male participants, including apparently healthy, medication-free, non-smoking men in the normotensive to hypertensive range (n = 70) as well as medicated hypertensive and CHD patients (n = 33). CHD risk was assessed by blood pressure [mean arterial pressure (MAP)], the diabetes marker glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), blood lipids [total cholesterol (TC)/high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) ratio], coagulation activity (D-dimer and fibrinogen), and inflammation [interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and C-reactive protein (CRP)]. Perceived appreciation at work, as well as potentially confounding psychological factors (social support, self-esteem, and work strain due to a lack of appreciation), were measured by self-report questionnaires. Results: We found higher appreciation at work to relate to lower overall composite CHD risk (p's ≤ 0.011) and, in particular, to lower MAP (p's ≤ 0.007) and lower blood lipids (p's ≤ 0.031) in medication-free participants as well as all participants. This overall association was independent of confounding factors, including related psychological factors (p's ≤ 0.049). Discussion: Our findings indicate that appreciation at work might be an independent health-promoting resource in terms of CHD risk. Implications include that encouraging appreciation at work may help reduce the development and progression of CHD.